Identities: applying feminism

Identities: applying feminism

1)

• Radical Feminism
• Liberal Feminism
• Marxist-Feminism
• Black Feminism
• Postmodern Feminism

2)

• Judith Butler (liberal feminism) - Butler would apply here as her theory describes this idea that gender is not biologically fixed and that this division of men and women only worked to reinforce the difference bet
• Angela McRobbie (postmodern feminism) - McRobbie fits into this variant of feminism as her beliefs of women being empowered through the media stems from third wave of feminism
• Laura Bates (postmodern feminism) - Bates would definitely be a postmodern feminist as her Everyday Sexism project encourages individual women to talk about experiences of sexism that they've faced in their which as we know, has worked to create a brand

3)

The suffragists were liberal women's/feminist groups which aimed to achieve their goals through peaceful means while the suffragettes were more radical in their nature, using more violent and confrontational methods to get what they wanted. At the time it was utilised I think the suffragettes  approach would have been a lot more necessary to obtain the equal rights wanted for women. 

4)

Laura Mulvey's argument regarding Hollywood film was that through cinematography, women were objectified for the sole pleasure of the male audiences. Key words used to describe this portrayal were 'fetishistic' and so 'whores', but also 'voyeuristic,' so 'madonnas' or virgins.  

5)

• Glamour Magazine
• L'Oreal advert
• Oprah Winfrey TV guide cover
• Beauty Knows No Pain
• Eva Herzigova advert

6)

Killbourne believes that within the advertising industry the most important thing regarding women is their appearance. Similar to John Berger's theory that 'men act and women appear,' women are made to take a huge effort into the way that they look and if this doesn't produce good results, they can feel quite guilty as a result. Things like photo editing intensify this pressure, in a time where airbrushing and things like it make it more difficult and in some cases, virtually impossible for women to replicate what they see in the media.

7)

In The Beauty Myth, Naomi Wolf argues that women now have to pressure to attain the social standards presented to them in the media in terms of beauty. Because of this, women end up taking drastic measures to get to reach these 'ideals.'

8)

This a controversial topic as you'll have some feminists that believe that artists like Beyonce 'owning' their bodies in videos like 'Why Don't You Love' helps to contribute to the portrayal of a 'strong, independent woman.' At the same time though you'll have other feminists that believe this only appeals to the male gaze.

9)

I think that artists like Beyonce have assisted in empowering women despite the more patriarchal society we live in. We see this evident with songs like 'Who Run The World,' which clearly works to make women understand they're more powerful than perhaps they once thought. I think that someone like Nicki Minaj however just reinforces sexual views since her videos we see her present herself in not only a scantily-clad, but also a suggestive manner.

10)

Personally, I do feel that new and digital media allows women to challenge the sexist views of them that exist within society. Things like the Everyday Sexism project by Laura Bates are the standout examples of this since they show the solidarity that women can uptake with one another in order to oppose sexism - postmodern feminism. However at the same time we can still see oppression being present, sometimes unintentionally by media producers. For example, the Beyonce 'Why Don't You Love Me' video appears to have the purpose of empowering women but it can actually be thought to do the opposite with the way in which a woman is portrayed in it.